Traits and phenotypes related to flowering.
Chlorophyll deficiency localized at growing point.
OBSOLETE. Use parent term instead SP:0000003.
The ratio of the maximum fruit height to maximum fruit width.
The ratio of fruit height mid-width to fruit width mid-height.
Swollen storage shoot with determinate growth.
Proximal/distal width ratio. The ratio of the width at fruit proximal end to the width at the fruit distal end.
Fitting precision R2. How well the boundary of a perfect circle fits the boundary of a fruit. The ratio of the error resulting from a best-fit circle to the area of the fruit. Error is the average magnitude of residuals (Res) along the fruit perimeter, divided by the radius of the circle. Smaller values indicate that the fruit is more Circular.
The asymmetry of the fruit. Height of internal ellipse / total height.
1/2fOb(y) x Tob. The degree of pear-shapeness. If the area of the fruit is greater below mid-height than above it, then Obovoid is calculated from the maximum width (W), the height at which the maximum width occurs (y), the average width above that height (w1), and the average width below that height (w2), and a scaling function scale_ob as: Obovoid = 1/2 * scale_ob(y) * (1- w1/W + w2/W) If Obovoid > 0, subtract 0.4. Otherwise, Obovoid is 0.
1/2fOv(y) x Tov. The opposite of pear-shapeness. If the area of the fruit is greater above mid-height than below it, then Ovoid is calculated from the maximum width (W), the height at which the maximum width occurs (y), the average width above that height (w1), and the average width below that height (w2), and a scaling function scale_ov as:Ovoid = 1/2 *scale_ov(y) * (1 - w2/W + w1/W). If Ovoid > 0, subtract 0.4. Otherwise, Ovoid is 0.
0.25 x [1/2fOv(y) x Tov] + 20 x [(H_sl + H_sr)/2*H] the degree of heart shapeness.
Internal ellipse height / height top ellipse-bottom fruit ratio.
internal ellipse height/height bottom ellipse-top fruit ratio .
[sum|n-ny|]/L. Degree of horizontal asymmetry .
[sum|m-mi|]/L. Degree of vertical asymmetry. The average distance (Res_w) between a vertical line through the fruit at mid-width and the midpoint of the fruit width at each height.
Fitting precision R2. How well the boundary of a perfect ellipse fits the boundary of a fruit. The ratio of the error resulting from a best-fit ellipse to the area of the fruit. Error is the average magnitude of residuals (Res) along the fruit perimeter, divided by the length of the major (longer) axis of the ellipse. Smaller values indicate that the fruit is more ellipsoid.
.The ratio of the area of the rectangle bounding the fruit to the area of the rectangle bounded by the fruit.
The shape of the distal end of the fruit.
The shape of the proximal end of the fruit.
Angle between intersection of two lines representing the slope at the fruit distal end.
Angle between intersection of two lines representing the slope of the proximal fruit end.
Distal fruit end width/mid width ratio. The ratio of the width at the distal fruit end to the mid-fruit width.
Fruit end indented area/total fruit area. The ratio of the area of the distal indentation (bounded by the distal protrusion points, D_sl and D_sr) to the total area of the fruit, multiplied by 10. T.A. version 3.0.
Distal fruit end protruded area/total fruit area. The ratio of the area of the distal protrusion (bounded by the distal protrusion points, D_sl and D_sr) to the total area of the fruit, multiplied by 10. T.A. version 3.0 .
The ratio of the fruit width at the proximal end to the width mid-height.
Proximal fruit end indented area/total fruit area. The ratio of the area of the proximal indentation (bounded by the proximal shoulder points, P_sl and P_sr) to the total area of the fruit, multiplied by 10. T.A. version 3.0 .
The mass of the fruit measured in grams.
OBSOLETE. Replaced by parent term SP:0000008 flower morphology.
fruit area, measurement in square centimeters, cm^2
The maximum perimeter of the fruit in cm.
fruit perimeter, measurement in centimeters
The number of locules in the fruit. This data is taken in the transversal section.
The proportion of the 2D area of the red color epicarp out of the total epicarp area visible from a top view of the proximal fruit end.
pericarp area in square centimeter, cm^2
The sum of the areas of the septum and the pericarp in cm^2.
septum and pericarp area, calculation in square centimeters, cm^2
Fruit bumpiness index. The standard deviation of distances (d) from the center of the fruit (assuming all pixels have equal mass) to the perimeter, multiplied by 100.
Percent of fruits with less than 10 seeds
Count of the number of flowers per one inflorescence.
Visual estimation of fruit glossiness 0-3 scale.
Visual estimation of fruit firmness 0-4 scale.
Number of days to opening of third inflorescence after transplanting.
Estimation of radial fruit cracking 0-5 scale
A measure of how many flowers develop into fruit. Counting.
The width measured at half of the fruits height in cm.
The height measured at half of the fruit width in cm.
OBSOLETE. Replaced by parent term SP:0000015 (disease and stress response).
The ratio of the average height of the shoulder points above the proximal end point to maximum height. The height of the shoulder points (H_sl and H_sr) is measured against a line through the proximal point that is perpendicular to the line between the proximal point and the fruit center of weight (assuming all pixels have equal mass).
If the area of the fruit is greater below mid-height than above it, horizontal asymmetry obovoid is the average distance (Res_h) between a horizontal line through the fruit at mid-height and the midpoint of the fruit height at each width. Otherwise, it is 0.
If the area of the fruit is greater above mid-height than below it, horizontal asymmetry ovoid is the average distance (Res_h) between a horizontal line through the fruit at mid-height and the midpoint of the fruit height at each width. Otherwise, it is 0.
The total soluble solids in the fruit (usually sugars and acids).
Determinate growth of plant branches terminating with an inflorescence.
Semi-determinate growth of plant branches producing more inflorescences than determinate plants, but eventually terminating.
Ineterminate growth of plant branches. Continual twig elongation and bud formation.
The proximal end of the fruit (shoulders).
The color of the proximal fruit end (shoulders).
The texture of the tuber epidermal layer.
The pattern of pigmentation of the tuber flesh.
A structure on the tuber surface that can sprout. It also has a significance in determining the processing quality.
A tuber axillary vegetative bud that is part of a subterranean tuber
Phenotype measured using part of the sporophyte, which is composed of the stems and leaves, and includes shoot apical meristems.
The axial system of plants that bears leaves and buds.
The morphological characteristics of the tuber.
A phenotype of the entire plant, including roots, shoots and leaves, at any stage of its life cycle.
An assessment of the maturity of the shoot (vine).
potato vine maturity (Potato Cooperators: There is considerable diversity among varieties with respect to how long they grow until they naturally senesce. 95 and 120DAP were chosen so we could evaluate differences among early-maturing varieties (95DAP) and among later maturing varieties (120DAP) ).
An assesment of the shoot at an early stage of maturity.
Potato: 95 days after pollination (95DAP)
An assesment of the shoot at a mid stage of maturity.
An assesment of the shoot at a late stage of maturity.
Potato: 120 days after pollination (120DAP)
Assessment of the shoot maturity 120 days after pollination (DAP).
Assessment of the shoot maturity 95 days after pollination (DAP).
The overall appearance of the tuber. A 1-9 scale is used, with 1 the lowest score ("very poor") and 9 the highest (excellent).
Weight in air / (weight in air -weight in water).
Weight in air / (weight in air -weight in water) measured at the time of harvest.
Weight in air / (weight in air -weight in water) measured at storage.
A scale to measure the propensity of tubers to sprout in the soil under high temperatures.
Quality of processed plant product, typically used by the food industry.
An estimate for the chip color. Scale is 1-5 with 1 being a light colored chip.
A measurement of the chip color with a colorimeter at a specific wavelength.
leaf length from the apex to the basal zone in cm.
Vine starting to senesce (yellowing evident).
tuber epidermis texture moderately smooth
heat sprout rating sprouts caliber 1/4 inch
heat sprout rating sprouts caliber 1/2 inch
heat sprout rating sprouts caliber 1 inch
heat sprout rating sprouts caliber 2 inches
heat sprout rating sprouts caliber 3 inches
Tuber skin pigment pattern has eyes. See potato cooperators guide Figure 13.
Tuber skin pigment pattern has eyebrows. See potato cooperators guide Figure 13.
tuber epidermis pigment pattern eyebrows
Tuber skin pigment pattern is splashed. See potato cooperators guide Figure 13.
tuber epidermis pigment pattern splashed
Tuber skin pigment pattern is scattered See potato cooperators guide Figure 13.
tuber epidermis pigment pattern scattered
tuber epidermis pigment pattern spectacled
Tuber skin pigment pattern is stippled See potato cooperators guide Figure 13.
tuber epidermis pigment pattern stippled
Compressed shape. See potato cooperators guide, Figure 14.
Round shape. See potato cooperators guide, Figure 14.
Oval shape. See potato cooperators guide, Figure 14.
Long tuber shape. See potato cooperators guide, Figure 14.
Elongated tuber shape. See potato cooperators guide, Figure 14.
Erect plant growth habit. close to 90 degrees.
Erect plant growth habit. Between 90-45 degrees
Semi-erect plant growth habit. 45 degrees.
Spreading plant growth habit. Less than 30 degrees
Spreading plant growth habit. Less than 15 degrees
Spreading plant growth habit. Zero degrees.
Grams of citric acid per 100ml. Method for measuring is NaOH titration.
internal color uniformity latitudinal cross section
Percentage of surface area with hue angle between 0-50 on a 0-360 scale.
fruit color uniformity cross section percent red
Percentage of surface area with hue angle between 70-100 on a 0-360 scale.
fruit color uniformity cross section percent yellow
Measurement of the color red of the cross section on RGB scale.
Measurement of the color green of the cross section on RGB scale.
Measurement of the color blue of the cross section on RGB scale.
THe average L value of all the pixels in CIELab color space.
The average 'a' value of all the pixels in CIELab color space.
THe average 'b' value of all the pixels in CIELab color space.
A measure of brightness. Average luminosity of all the pixels in the cross section. Luminosity = (maxCol + minCol) * 240/(2* 255) where maxCol is the highest of the RGB values, and minCol is the lowest value per pixel.
Hue is a measure of color in CIELab colorspace. For 'a' values > 0, hue is 180/pi * cos[a / chroma]. For 'a' values < 0 , hues is 360 - {180/pi * acos[a / chroma] }.
Chroma is a measure of saturation in CIELab colorspace. Chroma is the square root of (a^2 + b^2).
The stalk of an inflorescence; that part of the inflorescence below the first flower or inflorescence branch and above the last foliage leaf/pair of foliage leaves.
The angle between best-fit lines drawn through the fruit perimeter on either side of the proximal end point. The Micro Distance setting determines the percentage of the perimeter from the proximal end point at which to center the linear regression points used to find the best-fit line. The points comprising 1% of the perimeter on either side of that center point are used in the regression.
The angle between best-fit lines drawn through the fruit perimeter on either side of the proximal end point. The Macro Distance setting determines the percentage of the perimeter from the proximal end point at which to center the linear regression points used to find the best-fit line. The points comprising 5% of the perimeter on either side of that center point are used in the regression.
pericarp thickness, calculation in centimetes
The seed begins germinating inside the fruit. Often associated with a delay in fruit harvesting (the fruit is too ripe), the pre- germination could also be caused by an altered fruit flesh pH or by hormonal imbalance.
The ratio of the height at which the maximum width occurs, to the maximum height.
fruit height at widest position asymmetry
sucrose measured in the field (mg/g fresh weight).
sucrose measured in storage (mg/g fresh weight).
glucose measured in the field (mg/g fresh weight)
potato fry color rating based on reflectance measured from light to dark.
Net dry weight (after 1 week in oven) divided by net fresh weight of the fruit and multiplied by 100.
The area of the fruit columella and placenta in cm^2. The area of the fruit columella and placenta of fruits sliced at the equatorial axis.
columella and placenta area measurement in square centimeters, cm^2
Number of cell layers in the tomato pericarp in axial abaxial axis. Counting the number of cells intersected by a line perpendicular to the exocarp, avoiding vascular bundles, endocarp layer, 2-4 small cell layers right bellow the exocarp, and 0-1 layers right above the endocarp.
Size of the biggest tomato cells in the pericarp in um^2.
pericarp max cell size, calculation in square micrometers, um^2
number of leaves between 2nd and 3rd inflorescence
number of leaves between 3rd and 4th inflorescence
The height of the full grown plant in cm.
The height of the plant until the first inflorescence in cm
The height of the plant until the last inflorescence in cm
Stem width between 2nd and 3rd inflorescence, measured in mm at complete developmental stage.
Stem width between 2nd and 3rd inflorescence (mm)
Stem width between 3rd and 4th inflorescence, measured in mm at complete developmental stage.
Stem width between 3rd and 4th inflorescence (mm)
Count the number of flowers in the second inflorescence.
number of flowers in second inflorescence
Count the number of flowers in the third inflorescence.
number of flowers in third inflorescence
Average length of petals from a representative flower per plant. Length measured in cm. from the centre of the flower to the end of the petal.
Average width of petals from a representative flower per plant. Width measured in cm. between the join point of the petals.
Average length of sepals from a representative flower per plant. Length is measured in cm. from the pedicel to the end of the sepal.
Average width of sepals from a representative flower per plant. Width was measured in cm. between the join point of the sepals.
The height measured along a curved line through the fruit, passing through the midpoints of opposing pairs of points on either side of the distal and proximal points. cm.
The ratio of curved height to the width of the fruit at mid-curved-height, as measured perpendicular to the curved height line.
The distance between the 1st and the 10th leaf in cm. Recorded at complete developmental stage.
stem length between 1st and 10th true leaves (cm)
The distance from the stem to the last flower along the rachis of the inflorescence.
Epicarp 'L' color value was recorded in a point close to pistil scar. Color is recorded in L*a*b color system using a colorimeter.
Epicarp 'a' color value was recorded in a point close to pistil scar. Color is recorded in L*a*b color system using a colorimeter.
Epicarp 'b' color value was recorded in a point close to pistil scar. Color is recorded in L*a*b color system using a colorimeter.
Number of primary leaflets per leaf. Counting in fully opened leaves when the plant is completely developed.
Number of secondary leaflets per leaf. Counting in fully opened leaves when the plant is completely developed.
Description of the way the leaves are held naturally. Recorded at complete developmental stage of the plant. Visual rating 1-9 score (1:semi-erect, 3:semi-horizontal, 5:horizontal, 7:horizontal-drooping, 9:drooping).
Anthocyanin content in the stem of mature plants.
The common position of the petals of fully opened flowers. 1-7 score (3:low, 5:intermediate, 7:strong).
Stamen color of fully opened flowers. 3-7 scale (3:yellow, 5:pale orange, 7:orange).
The position of the style compared to the stamens. 1-4 score (1:inserted, 2:same level as stamen, 3:slightly exerted, 4:highly exerted).
Historic terms - avoid using for future trials/experiments.
Color observation of immature green fruit. 3-9 score (3:green-white, 5:light green, 7:green, 9:dark green).
immature green fruit epicarp color, observation nominal scale 3-9
Fruit color of the epicarp. Exterior color of mature fruit. 0-6 score (0:yellow, 1:yellow-orange, 2:orange, 3:red-orange, 4:pink, 5:red, 6:intense red).
epicarp fruit color, observation nominal scale 0-6
The color of the fruit epidermis. 0-1 score (0:colorless, 1:yellow).
Scar width at the widest part of the pedicel scar. 3-7 score (3:narrow, 5:medium, 7:wide).
fruit pedicel scar width. Observation 3-7 nominal scale
Presence of longitudinal stripes on immature fruits. 0-1 score (0:absence, 1:present).
longitudinal stripes presence on immature green fruits. Observation 0-1 scale
The extent of dissection in a fully opened leaf. 0-2 score (0:low, 1:intermediate, 2:high).
leaf dissection. Observation 0-2 nominal scale
The outline of fully opened leaf. 0-3 score (0:entire, 1:undulate, 2:serrated, 3:strong serrated).
leaf border variable. Observation 0-3 nominal scale
The angle between best-fit lines drawn through the fruit perimeter on either side of the proximal end point. The Micro Distance setting determines the percentage of the perimeter from the proximal end point at which to center the linear regression points used to find the best-fit line. The points comprising 1.5% of the perimeter on either side of that center point are used in the regression.
An arrangement of ribs surrounding the calyx end of a full size fruit. 0-9 score (0:absent, 3:very weak, 5:weak, 7:intermediate, 9:strong).
Ribbing calyx end. Observation 0-9 scale
Historic phenotype values for fruit size.
Phenotype values for fruit shape. Used historically, should not be used anymore for recording fruit traits/variables.
Scored in mature green fruit. Vascular bundles network for water transportation. It begins in the stem scar and runs to the locules through the placenta while also extending to the outer pericarp. Visual score 0-7 (0:absent, 3:slight, 5:intermediate, 7:severe).
0-2 score (0:pimpinellifolium, 1:standard, 2:double feathered).
terms used historically to describe leaf complexity mutations.
historic terms for describing plant habit mutations.
0-Determinate, 1-Semi-determinate, 2-Indeterminate.
plant growth habit, visual observation nominal scale
historic values for leaf color mutations.
3:Light green, 5:medium green, 7:dark green.
green leaf color, visual observation 3-7 scale
historic phenotypic values for inflorescence structure used for describing mutations.
inflorescence structure - phenotypic values
1: uniparous, 2: fishbone, 3: forked, 4- irregular.
Scored when the inflorescence is completely developed. 0-2 score (0:absent, 1:leaves, 2:leaves and shoots).
leafy inflorescence, observation 0-2 scale
Historic values used to describe flower color mutants.
3: Pale yellow, 5: Yellow, 7: Yellow-orange.
flower color, observation 1-7 nominal scale
0: Uniform, 3: Light green, 5: Medium green, 7: Dark green.
proximal fruit end color, observation 0-7 nominal scale
1: dot, 3: linear, 5: star, 7: irregular.
distal fruit end scar shape, observation 1-7 nominal scale
0: Not present, 3: low, 5: intermediate, 7: severe.
fruit fasciation, observation 0-7 ordinal scale